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September 11, 2025Skin cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in the United States. Early detection and proper treatment can improve outcomes for patients. Understanding the nature of skin cancer, its causes, symptoms, and available treatments helps individuals make informed decisions about their health. Here is more information on dermatology and skin cancer:
What Is Dermatology?
Dermatology is the medical specialty focused on diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the skin, hair, and nails. Dermatologists are physicians who complete specialized training in skin health and diseases. They possess expertise in identifying various skin conditions, ranging from everyday issues like acne to more serious concerns, such as skin cancer.
What Is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer occurs when skin cells grow abnormally and form malignant tumors. The disease develops when DNA in skin cells becomes damaged, causing cells to multiply uncontrollably. This uncontrolled growth creates masses of tissue that can invade surrounding areas and potentially spread to other parts of the body.
There are three primary types of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinoma develops in the basal cells of the skin and represents the most common form of skin cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma forms in the squamous cells and can spread to other areas if left untreated. Melanoma develops in melanocytes, the cells that produce skin pigment, and is the most dangerous form of skin cancer.
What Are the Causes and Symptoms?
Ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure represents the primary cause of skin cancer. UV rays damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that can result in cancerous growth. Individuals with fair skin, light-colored eyes, and red or blonde hair have less natural protection against UV radiation. Family history of skin cancer also increases risk, as specific genetic mutations can be inherited.
Skin cancer symptoms vary depending on the type and location of the cancer. Basal cell carcinomas often appear as small, shiny bumps or flat, scaly patches. Squamous cell carcinomas may look like rough, scaly patches or raised growths with a central depression. Melanomas can develop from existing moles or appear as new dark spots with irregular features.
How Is Skin Cancer Treated?
Treatment options for skin cancer depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the cancer. Dermatologists select the most appropriate treatment method based on these factors and the patient’s overall health status. Curettage and electrodesiccation involve scraping away cancerous tissue with a sharp instrument called a curette, then using electrical current to destroy remaining cancer cells.
Surgical excision removes the entire tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue around it. The surgeon cuts out the cancerous area and examines the removed tissue to confirm complete removal. Mohs surgery removes skin cancer layer by layer, examining each layer under a microscope until no cancer cells remain.
Cryotherapy uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy cancerous tissue. The extreme cold kills cancer cells, and the treated area forms a scab that falls off within a few weeks. Photodynamic therapy combines light-sensitive medication with specific wavelengths of light to destroy cancer cells. The patient receives a topical medication that makes cancer cells sensitive to light, and then the area is exposed to special light sources.
Contact a Dermatologist Today
Skin cancer is a health concern that requires prompt medical attention. Early detection through regular skin examinations and awareness of warning signs may improve treatment outcomes. The various treatment options available through dermatological care provide effective solutions for different types and stages of skin cancer. If you have a suspicious skin lesion or risk factors for skin cancer, consult with a qualified dermatologist.
